Matters of Scale - After a Few Years of Globalization
Percentage of World Bank "structural adjustment" loans to poor nations that
included environmental goals as required by World Bank policy, in 1994 | 60 percent |
Percentage that included environmental goals in 1999, according to the
World Bank's own figures | 20 percent |
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Amount spent by U.S. teenagers in 1994 | $63 billion |
Amount spent by U.S. teenagers in 1999 | over $100 billion |
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Ratio of the average corporate CEO's pay to the average
employee?s pay in 1978 | 60 to 1 |
Ratio in 1997 | 189 to 1 |
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Number of people employed by the multinational corporation
General Electric in 1981 | 400,000 |
Number of people employed by GE in 1993, when the company's
sales were three times their 1981 level | 230,000 |
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Plywood exports from Indonesia and Malaysia (which contribute heavily
to the deforestation of tropical habitats) in 1975 | 0.2 million cubic meters |
. . . and in 1998 | 12.0 million cubic meters |
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Sources: Structural adjustment loans: World Bank; Expenditures by teenagers:
Peter Zollo, Wise Up to Teens: Insights Into Marketing
and Advertising to Teenagers (New Strategist, 1999); Pay disparities: Ellen Schwartz
and Suzanne Stoddard, Taking Back Our Lives in
the Age of Corporate Dominance (Berrett-Koehler, 2000); GE downsizing: Jeremy
Rifkin, et. al, The End of Work (Putnam, 1995);
Plywood exports: Hilary French, Vanishing Borders: Protecting the Planet
in the
Age of Globalization (W.W. Norton, 2000).